Cache Memory

Cache memory is the fastest memory next to registers. Through the register are small (tiny) in size, they are the most efficient fastest memories (storage location) since the register cannot hold a huge volume of data. The cache used.

The cache memory is located in between the cpu and ram. The cache is used to:

• Hold the most recently
• Used data by the cpu
• Hold the frequently used data by the cpu

There the 3 levels of cache memories:

• Level 1 cache memory: it is the fastest most efficient cache memory. It can hold a maximum of 8 kb ~ 54kb data. it is inbuilt on the CPU
• Level2 cache memory: it is slower than the level 1 cache memory while it can hold more data than the level 1 cache memory. It can hold maximum of 512 kb – 6mb data. It is built on the CPU.
• Level 3 cache memory: it is slower than the level 1 and level 2 while it can accommodate a huge volume of data 6mb ~ 24mb. It is not inbuilt on the cpu. It is found on the motherboard.

The cache memory is controlled by a special integrated circuit called cache memory controller.

The cache memory is partitioned into

1. Tag section: All tag identification number is stored
2. Data Section: actual data is connected to each “tag” is stored here.

How a cache memory works?

Whenever the cpu require a data, the cpu passes a cache request (tag number) to the cache controller. The cache controller will search inside tag section of the cache memory. If the cache request is matched with any of the “tag” number, the concerned data will be transferred from the cache memory to the cpu.

Cache miss

Whenever the data is not found inside the cache memory, miss event occurs.

Cache hit

When the data is found inside a cache, a “hit” event occurs.

Whenever a data not found inside the level 1 cache memory, the same data will be search inside the level2 cache. And when a data is not found inside the cache level 2, the data will be search inside the level3 cache. When the data is not found in the level3 cache, the concerned data will be brought from the ram to level3 cache. This is a time-consuming event because it will affect the performance of your computer.

Numbering System Hexadecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F Binary 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Binary into decimal conversion 11101= 1* (2^4)  + 1*(2^3)  →

Status Register (Flag Register) They are 1 bit (0/1) registers. Flag register hold either ‘0’ or ‘1’ to indicate the status of particular hardware component. Whenever the hard disc fails, one of the flag register will immediately hold ‘0’ [zero]. Whenever a calculation end with numeric over flow, one of the register will immediately hold ’0’[zero]. ALU – Arithmetic and logic unit Does →

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With the help of a diagram, explain briefly the term: register, CU, PC, ALU, MAR, MDR, Flag Explain the various type of registers and their benefits CU  Control Unit Duties of CU: -          It fetches each instruction from the ram -          It interpret (translate) the fetched instruction into another form so that the ALU can easily understand it and execute it -          It also control the →

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